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⚡ GCE O-Level · 6091

O-Level Physics
Study Notes

All 11 syllabus topics — free to read. Each page has clear definitions, key formulae with worked examples, diagrams explained in words, and the exact exam traps students lose marks on.

Start: Measurement → Revision Pack
How to use these notes
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Flip the flashcards

Each topic now has tap-to-reveal flashcards for key equations and definitions - test yourself before diving into notes.

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Read the topic

Work through each section in order. Don't skip the "common mistakes" box — those are real marks lost.

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Cover and recall

After reading each section, close the page and write the key points from memory. Check back only after you've tried.

Tick the checklist

Once you can answer questions on the topic without notes, tick it off in the revision checklist.

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Do the mini paper

After finishing a topic, attempt the Physics questions in the mini paper and mark your answers.

All 11 Topics

O-Level Physics syllabus — 6091

Topic 01

Measurement

SI units, scalars and vectors, measuring instruments, significant figures and percentage error.

UnitsSig figsError
Notes + 8 quiz questions →
Topic 02

Kinematics

Speed, velocity, acceleration, distance-time and speed-time graphs, free fall and terminal velocity.

GraphsSUVATFree fall
Notes + 8 quiz questions →
Topic 03

Forces

Newton's three laws, friction, resultant forces, free body diagrams and equilibrium.

NewtonFrictionEquilibrium
Notes + 8 quiz questions →
Topic 04

Mass, Weight & Density

Difference between mass and weight, gravitational field strength, density calculations and floating.

DensityGravityFloating
Notes + 8 quiz questions →
Topic 05

Moments & Pressure

Moments, principle of moments, centre of gravity, pressure in solids and fluids, atmospheric pressure.

MomentsPressureFluids
Notes + 8 quiz questions →
Topic 06

Work, Energy & Power

Work done, kinetic and potential energy, conservation of energy, power, efficiency.

KE & GPEPowerEfficiency
Notes + 8 quiz questions →
Topic 07

Thermal Physics

Kinetic particle model, heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation, specific heat capacity, latent heat.

Kinetic modelLatent heatTransfer
Notes + 8 quiz questions →
Topic 08

Waves, Light & Sound

Wave properties, reflection, refraction, total internal reflection, diffraction, the electromagnetic spectrum, sound.

RefractionTIREM spectrum
Notes + 8 quiz questions →
Topic 09

Electricity & Circuits

Charge, current, voltage, resistance, Ohm's law, series and parallel circuits, electrical power and domestic wiring.

Ohm's lawCircuitsPower
Notes + 8 quiz questions →
Topic 10

Magnetism & Electromagnetism

Magnetic fields, electromagnets, the motor effect, Fleming's left-hand rule, electromagnetic induction, transformers.

Motor effectInductionTransformer
Notes + 8 quiz questions →
Deep Dive

Electromagnetism — Complete Notes

Motor effect, Fleming's rules, d.c. motor, electromagnetic induction, transformers, national grid — with worked examples and 5-question quiz.

Fleming's RulesHaber ProcessQuiz
Full notes + quiz →
Topic 11

Radioactivity

Nuclear structure, alpha, beta and gamma radiation, half-life, background radiation, uses and dangers.

Half-lifeRadiation typesSafety
Notes + 8 quiz questions →

About O-Level Physics (6091)

GCE O-Level Physics is assessed by the Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB) under syllabus code 6091. The examination consists of Paper 1 (multiple choice questions) and Paper 2 (structured questions and free-response answers). Together, the papers assess conceptual understanding, application to unfamiliar contexts, data analysis skills, and the ability to explain scientific phenomena using precise language.

All 11 topics on this page are covered in full — each with clear explanations, worked examples, Must-Know exam points, tap-to-flip flashcards, and 8 O-Level–style quiz questions. The notes are aligned to the SEAB 2026 syllabus.

All 11 topics at a glance

How to use these notes to maximise your grade

1
Work through topics in order: later topics build on earlier ones. Start from Topic 1 and do not skip ahead until you can score at least 6/8 on each quiz.
2
Flashcards before notes: tap through the 6 flashcards on each topic page before reading the full notes. This primes your memory — you will understand and retain the notes better when you have already attempted to recall the key terms.
3
Read the Must-Know box carefully: the purple Must-Know box on every topic page lists the exact points that examiners look for. These are the marks most students lose. Read each bullet point and ask yourself: can I write a full exam answer around this point?
4
Do the quiz without looking at notes: complete all 8 questions before checking explanations. If you look at notes mid-quiz, you are testing recognition rather than recall — and recognition does not translate to marks in exams.
5
Log every wrong answer: use the O-Level Revision Pack mistake tracker to record every question you answered incorrectly and the reason why. Revisit those entries every session until you can answer them correctly without notes.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need to memorise every detail on each topic page?
No — focus on the Must-Know box, the key definitions, and the equation boxes. The longer explanatory text helps you understand, but examiners test your ability to apply principles, not to reproduce paragraphs of notes. Quiz performance is a better indicator of exam readiness than how well you remember the notes.
How do I know when I am ready to move to the next topic?
When you can score 7/8 or 8/8 on the quiz without any notes, and when you can state every bullet point in the Must-Know box from memory. At that point, move on — spending more time on a topic you already know well is less valuable than addressing a weaker topic.
What is the most common reason students lose marks in Physics?
Skipping units or failing to show working in calculations. A correct numerical answer without working scores zero if the method cannot be verified. Always write the formula, substitute values with units, then calculate.
Full O-Level Physics Exam Preparation

Everything you need — all free

Beyond the topic notes and flashcards, ScienceStar now has a complete O-Level Physics exam preparation suite covering Paper 1 MCQ, Paper 2 structured questions, graph skills, data-based unfamiliar context questions, and more.

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Mock Paper 1 40 MCQ · auto-marked · 60 min timer · all 11 topics
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Mock Paper 2 8 questions · 80 marks · 1 hr 45 min · full mark schemes
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Open-Ended Questions 31 structured Paper 2 questions · all topics · mark schemes
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Graph Skills Best-fit lines · gradients · tangents · intercepts · practice Qs
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Data-Based Questions 5 real-world scenarios · roller coaster · EV · solar · ultrasound
NEW — Paper 2 Practice

Open-Ended & Structured Questions

44 O-Level Physics Paper 2–style questions across all 11 topics — kinematics, forces, energy, thermal physics, waves, electricity, magnetism, pressure, radioactivity and more. Every question has a full mark scheme showing exactly what examiners credit. Includes cross-topic challenge questions typical of Section C.

✅ 44 questions  |  11 topics  |  ~210 marks  |  Full mark schemes
📝 Start Practising →